Drive Efficiency
Every team gets about a dozen possessions a game. This is what they do with them, and what they give up.
2026 is still being played — through week 2 · 2 games a team. These are early numbers on a small sample, not a season rating.
Points per drive, both directions
Scoring across, points allowed up. Fast and slow teams compare fairly here, because it is per possession. Top right is best.
Sorted by Points per drive (offense). Every possession is an opportunity; this is what one is worth. Tap any column to re-sort.
| # | Team | Conf | PPD | Start | Avail | Opp | PPO | 3&out | Expl | TD | TO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Carolina | SEC | 6.22 | own 19.7 | 91.5% | 100.0% | 6.22 | 0.0% | 55.6% | 88.9% | 0.0% |
| 2 | Florida | SEC | 6.00 | own 30.6 | 87.4% | 100.0% | 6.00 | 9.1% | 36.4% | 81.8% | 9.1% |
| 3 | Indiana | Big Ten | 5.78 | own 46.2 | 78.4% | 88.9% | 6.50 | 11.1% | 22.2% | 77.8% | 0.0% |
| 4 | Mississippi State | SEC | 5.09 | own 23.9 | 80.6% | 100.0% | 5.09 | 4.8% | 38.1% | 66.7% | 0.0% |
| 5 | Nebraska | Big Ten | 4.90 | own 32.2 | 75.8% | 85.0% | 5.76 | 10.0% | 25.0% | 70.0% | 10.0% |
| 6 | Miami | ACC | 4.50 | own 26.6 | 71.1% | 100.0% | 4.50 | 20.0% | 40.0% | 60.0% | 10.0% |
| 7 | Tennessee | SEC | 4.50 | own 34.8 | 70.3% | 100.0% | 4.50 | 0.0% | 10.0% | 60.0% | 0.0% |
| 8 | Nevada | Mountain West | 4.46 | own 33.5 | 68.6% | 90.9% | 4.90 | 18.2% | 36.4% | 63.6% | 9.1% |
| 9 | USC | Big Ten | 4.41 | own 29.5 | 81.2% | 81.5% | 5.41 | 3.7% | 18.5% | 63.0% | 22.2% |
| 10 | Notre Dame | FBS Independents | 4.39 | own 32.9 | 70.0% | 88.9% | 4.94 | 16.7% | 16.7% | 55.6% | 5.6% |
| 11 | Utah | Big 12 | 4.20 | own 34.9 | 70.0% | 100.0% | 4.20 | 20.0% | 30.0% | 60.0% | 20.0% |
| 12 | New Mexico | Mountain West | 4.11 | own 33.1 | 64.8% | 100.0% | 4.11 | 11.1% | 11.1% | 44.4% | 0.0% |
| 13 | Georgia | SEC | 4.08 | own 31.6 | 66.0% | 83.3% | 4.90 | 16.7% | 25.0% | 58.3% | 8.3% |
| 14 | Texas | SEC | 4.00 | own 29.9 | 68.4% | 84.2% | 4.75 | 15.8% | 15.8% | 52.6% | 21.1% |
| 15 | Illinois | Big Ten | 3.93 | own 27.9 | 67.6% | 71.4% | 5.50 | 14.3% | 14.3% | 50.0% | 28.6% |
| 16 | Wake Forest | ACC | 3.90 | own 32.1 | 76.2% | 100.0% | 3.90 | 5.3% | 21.1% | 42.1% | 0.0% |
| 17 | Penn State | Big Ten | 3.79 | own 33.5 | 71.8% | 100.0% | 3.79 | 15.8% | 21.1% | 47.4% | 5.3% |
| 18 | Purdue | Big Ten | 3.78 | own 32.0 | 69.4% | 88.9% | 4.25 | 11.1% | 0.0% | 44.4% | 0.0% |
| 19 | Massachusetts | Mid-American | 3.70 | own 40.8 | 57.6% | 80.0% | 4.63 | 20.0% | 30.0% | 40.0% | 0.0% |
| 20 | Virginia Tech | ACC | 3.70 | own 38.5 | 59.1% | 90.0% | 4.11 | 10.0% | 0.0% | 40.0% | 0.0% |
| 21 | Ohio State | Big Ten | 3.59 | own 29.8 | 66.2% | 90.9% | 3.95 | 18.2% | 22.7% | 45.5% | 9.1% |
| 22 | Ole Miss | SEC | 3.59 | own 29.7 | 59.2% | 81.8% | 4.39 | 22.7% | 18.2% | 45.5% | 13.6% |
| 23 | Texas A&M | SEC | 3.56 | own 41.0 | 60.4% | 91.3% | 3.90 | 26.1% | 8.7% | 43.5% | 13.0% |
| 24 | Michigan State | Big Ten | 3.56 | own 36.7 | 69.5% | 88.9% | 4.00 | 5.6% | 16.7% | 38.9% | 11.1% |
| 25 | Colorado State | Pac-12 | 3.50 | own 29.3 | 57.6% | 100.0% | 3.50 | 40.0% | 10.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| 26 | Missouri | SEC | 3.46 | own 35.2 | 62.3% | 84.6% | 4.09 | 23.1% | 15.4% | 46.2% | 7.7% |
| 27 | Maryland | Big Ten | 3.46 | own 36.5 | 63.0% | 90.9% | 3.80 | 18.2% | 18.2% | 45.5% | 9.1% |
| 28 | Kansas State | Big 12 | 3.40 | own 33.9 | 67.6% | 90.0% | 3.78 | 20.0% | 20.0% | 40.0% | 10.0% |
| 29 | Cincinnati | Big 12 | 3.40 | own 30.8 | 50.7% | 90.0% | 3.78 | 30.0% | 0.0% | 40.0% | 0.0% |
| 30 | Alabama | SEC | 3.38 | own 35.1 | 65.1% | 81.0% | 4.59 | 19.1% | 9.5% | 42.9% | 14.3% |
| 31 | UCLA | Big Ten | 3.18 | own 38.6 | 60.6% | 90.9% | 3.50 | 18.2% | 18.2% | 45.5% | 13.6% |
| 32 | LSU | SEC | 3.15 | own 37.5 | 66.1% | 92.3% | 3.71 | 23.1% | 15.4% | 42.3% | 15.4% |
| 33 | BYU | Big 12 | 3.11 | own 28.3 | 51.9% | 100.0% | 3.11 | 33.3% | 11.1% | 44.4% | 0.0% |
| 34 | Air Force | Mountain West | 3.11 | own 25.0 | 57.9% | 66.7% | 4.67 | 33.3% | 11.1% | 44.4% | 11.1% |
| 35 | Virginia | ACC | 3.09 | own 30.5 | 51.0% | 90.9% | 3.40 | 18.2% | 18.2% | 36.4% | 0.0% |
| 36 | Houston | Big 12 | 3.09 | own 29.5 | 64.9% | 100.0% | 3.09 | 18.2% | 9.1% | 36.4% | 18.2% |
| 37 | Pittsburgh | ACC | 3.00 | own 28.4 | 59.0% | 95.7% | 3.14 | 26.1% | 17.4% | 39.1% | 8.7% |
| 38 | Georgia State | Sun Belt | 3.00 | own 31.6 | 62.4% | 100.0% | 3.00 | 20.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% |
| 39 | North Texas | American Athletic | 3.00 | own 31.2 | 60.2% | 80.0% | 3.75 | 15.0% | 15.0% | 30.0% | 10.0% |
| 40 | Army | American Athletic | 3.00 | own 26.0 | 50.5% | 100.0% | 3.00 | 37.5% | 12.5% | 37.5% | 0.0% |
| 41 | Florida State | ACC | 2.90 | own 28.3 | 55.3% | 95.0% | 3.05 | 15.0% | 5.0% | 35.0% | 15.0% |
| 42 | Louisville | ACC | 2.85 | own 30.7 | 44.5% | 76.9% | 3.70 | 30.8% | 15.4% | 30.8% | 7.7% |
| 43 | Florida Atlantic | American Athletic | 2.84 | own 28.9 | 57.5% | 73.7% | 4.00 | 15.8% | 10.5% | 42.1% | 26.3% |
| 44 | UTSA | American Athletic | 2.82 | own 31.0 | 51.9% | 81.8% | 3.44 | 36.4% | 9.1% | 36.4% | 9.1% |
| 45 | South Florida | American Athletic | 2.77 | own 32.4 | 53.2% | 94.1% | 2.94 | 17.6% | 11.8% | 29.4% | 0.0% |
| 46 | Boise State | Pac-12 | 2.76 | own 23.6 | 54.9% | 85.7% | 3.22 | 23.8% | 4.8% | 33.3% | 9.5% |
| 47 | North Dakota State | Mountain West | 2.71 | own 30.3 | 51.2% | 76.2% | 4.00 | 23.8% | 19.1% | 33.3% | 4.8% |
| 48 | SMU | ACC | 2.70 | own 28.9 | 76.3% | 100.0% | 2.70 | 0.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% |
| 49 | Texas Tech | Big 12 | 2.69 | own 35.1 | 45.4% | 92.3% | 2.92 | 30.8% | 7.7% | 38.5% | 7.7% |
| 50 | South Alabama | Sun Belt | 2.67 | own 21.8 | 61.7% | 88.9% | 3.00 | 0.0% | 22.2% | 33.3% | 22.2% |
| 51 | UAB | American Athletic | 2.63 | own 30.5 | 68.5% | 75.0% | 4.08 | 6.3% | 6.3% | 25.0% | 12.5% |
| 52 | West Virginia | Big 12 | 2.58 | own 32.2 | 61.9% | 91.7% | 2.82 | 41.7% | 25.0% | 33.3% | 8.3% |
| 53 | Oklahoma | SEC | 2.57 | own 31.3 | 51.8% | 81.0% | 3.18 | 19.1% | 23.8% | 28.6% | 19.1% |
| 54 | Vanderbilt | SEC | 2.54 | own 36.7 | 57.2% | 90.9% | 2.80 | 18.2% | 0.0% | 36.4% | 27.3% |
| 55 | Navy | American Athletic | 2.54 | own 27.5 | 50.5% | 72.7% | 3.50 | 18.2% | 18.2% | 36.4% | 18.2% |
| 56 | James Madison | Sun Belt | 2.50 | own 24.8 | 46.3% | 87.5% | 2.86 | 37.5% | 0.0% | 25.0% | 0.0% |
| 57 | Memphis | American Athletic | 2.41 | own 21.5 | 57.5% | 82.3% | 3.18 | 26.5% | 26.5% | 32.4% | 17.6% |
| 58 | Duke | ACC | 2.40 | own 29.4 | 52.9% | 85.0% | 2.82 | 35.0% | 10.0% | 30.0% | 20.0% |
| 59 | Louisiana | Sun Belt | 2.40 | own 27.1 | 46.7% | 70.0% | 4.43 | 40.0% | 20.0% | 40.0% | 0.0% |
| 60 | San José State | Mountain West | 2.39 | own 29.0 | 44.1% | 82.6% | 2.90 | 30.4% | 17.4% | 30.4% | 13.0% |
| 61 | Oregon | Big Ten | 2.35 | own 35.6 | 48.3% | 73.1% | 3.21 | 15.4% | 30.8% | 26.9% | 26.9% |
| 62 | Auburn | SEC | 2.29 | own 27.6 | 59.6% | 95.2% | 2.40 | 14.3% | 14.3% | 28.6% | 28.6% |
| 63 | Tulsa | American Athletic | 2.29 | own 33.1 | 52.6% | 100.0% | 2.29 | 19.1% | 9.5% | 28.6% | 14.3% |
| 64 | Troy | Sun Belt | 2.18 | own 31.1 | 35.8% | 81.8% | 2.67 | 36.4% | 9.1% | 27.3% | 0.0% |
| 65 | Arkansas State | Sun Belt | 2.18 | own 31.7 | 54.8% | 100.0% | 2.18 | 0.0% | 9.1% | 27.3% | 36.4% |
| 66 | Fresno State | Pac-12 | 2.16 | own 26.2 | 54.2% | 79.0% | 2.73 | 21.1% | 10.5% | 31.6% | 21.1% |
| 67 | Toledo | Mid-American | 2.10 | own 30.4 | 130.3% | 70.0% | 3.00 | 40.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 20.0% |
| 68 | Iowa | Big Ten | 2.08 | own 35.8 | 49.7% | 91.7% | 2.27 | 29.2% | 12.5% | 20.8% | 16.7% |
| 69 | App State | Sun Belt | 2.08 | own 31.3 | 46.6% | 92.3% | 2.25 | 15.4% | 15.4% | 23.1% | 0.0% |
| 70 | Texas State | Pac-12 | 2.05 | own 25.0 | 54.5% | 55.0% | 3.73 | 10.0% | 10.0% | 25.0% | 35.0% |
| 71 | Oregon State | Pac-12 | 2.04 | own 24.1 | 45.3% | 72.7% | 2.81 | 22.7% | 13.6% | 27.3% | 22.7% |
| 72 | Florida International | Conference USA | 2.00 | own 29.7 | 50.7% | 68.2% | 2.93 | 9.1% | 18.2% | 22.7% | 36.4% |
| 73 | Ohio | Mid-American | 2.00 | own 39.0 | 38.1% | 90.0% | 2.22 | 20.0% | 5.0% | 20.0% | 5.0% |
| 74 | Old Dominion | Sun Belt | 2.00 | own 23.8 | 33.4% | 66.7% | 3.00 | 41.7% | 16.7% | 25.0% | 16.7% |
| 75 | Arizona | Big 12 | 1.89 | own 28.2 | 49.0% | 66.7% | 2.83 | 22.2% | 0.0% | 22.2% | 22.2% |
| 76 | Boston College | ACC | 1.86 | own 25.3 | 48.9% | 68.2% | 2.73 | 18.2% | 22.7% | 22.7% | 31.8% |
| 77 | Coastal Carolina | Sun Belt | 1.85 | own 24.8 | 44.1% | 76.9% | 2.40 | 23.1% | 23.1% | 23.1% | 23.1% |
| 78 | Rutgers | Big Ten | 1.83 | own 29.7 | 46.4% | 65.2% | 2.80 | 30.4% | 8.7% | 26.1% | 52.2% |
| 79 | Middle Tennessee | Conference USA | 1.82 | own 26.9 | 42.1% | 90.9% | 2.00 | 36.4% | 0.0% | 18.2% | 9.1% |
| 80 | Sam Houston | Conference USA | 1.73 | own 20.4 | 42.4% | 72.7% | 2.38 | 22.7% | 13.6% | 22.7% | 18.2% |
| 81 | Hawai'i | Mountain West | 1.72 | own 27.1 | 40.7% | 80.6% | 2.38 | 33.3% | 8.3% | 22.2% | 5.6% |
| 82 | Oklahoma State | Big 12 | 1.72 | own 27.4 | 54.9% | 76.0% | 2.63 | 16.0% | 8.0% | 20.0% | 32.0% |
| 83 | Kennesaw State | Conference USA | 1.70 | own 22.5 | 42.0% | 70.0% | 2.43 | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% |
| 84 | Akron | Mid-American | 1.70 | own 23.0 | 45.5% | 70.0% | 2.43 | 30.0% | 0.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% |
| 85 | Washington | Big Ten | 1.65 | own 30.7 | 44.0% | 85.0% | 1.94 | 25.0% | 10.0% | 15.0% | 10.0% |
| 86 | Colorado | Big 12 | 1.56 | own 31.9 | 58.0% | 66.7% | 2.33 | 22.2% | 0.0% | 22.2% | 11.1% |
| 87 | New Mexico State | Conference USA | 1.55 | own 21.0 | 44.7% | 85.0% | 1.82 | 15.0% | 10.0% | 20.0% | 30.0% |
| 88 | Stanford | ACC | 1.54 | own 23.9 | 44.4% | 72.7% | 2.13 | 36.4% | 0.0% | 18.2% | 9.1% |
| 89 | Buffalo | Mid-American | 1.54 | own 25.8 | 31.4% | 61.5% | 2.50 | 46.2% | 7.7% | 15.4% | 23.1% |
| 90 | UL Monroe | Sun Belt | 1.50 | own 30.3 | 38.8% | 81.8% | 1.83 | 36.4% | 9.1% | 13.6% | 18.2% |
| 91 | North Carolina | ACC | 1.44 | own 28.6 | 46.7% | 66.7% | 2.17 | 22.2% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 22.2% |
| 92 | Liberty | Conference USA | 1.44 | own 28.0 | 52.8% | 77.8% | 1.86 | 22.2% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 22.2% |
| 93 | Baylor | Big 12 | 1.42 | own 24.2 | 52.5% | 83.3% | 1.70 | 25.0% | 0.0% | 16.7% | 33.3% |
| 94 | Jacksonville State | Conference USA | 1.42 | own 39.1 | 52.3% | 66.7% | 2.56 | 12.5% | 4.2% | 20.8% | 16.7% |
| 95 | Tulane | American Athletic | 1.41 | own 26.2 | 39.8% | 77.3% | 1.82 | 31.8% | 22.7% | 18.2% | 18.2% |
| 96 | UNLV | Mountain West | 1.37 | own 26.7 | 44.6% | 74.3% | 1.85 | 25.7% | 5.7% | 17.1% | 25.7% |
| 97 | California | ACC | 1.35 | own 25.9 | 40.4% | 56.5% | 2.38 | 21.7% | 4.3% | 17.4% | 30.4% |
| 98 | Iowa State | Big 12 | 1.30 | own 24.0 | 29.0% | 70.0% | 1.86 | 60.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 0.0% |
| 99 | Utah State | Pac-12 | 1.27 | own 29.6 | 29.1% | 63.6% | 2.00 | 45.5% | 0.0% | 18.2% | 27.3% |
| 100 | UConn | FBS Independents | 1.27 | own 25.1 | 31.4% | 63.6% | 2.00 | 36.4% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 27.3% |
| 101 | Miami (OH) | Mid-American | 1.27 | own 26.1 | 29.5% | 72.7% | 1.75 | 45.5% | 0.0% | 18.2% | 9.1% |
| 102 | Bowling Green | Mid-American | 1.27 | own 26.4 | 18.9% | 45.5% | 2.80 | 54.5% | 9.1% | 18.2% | 9.1% |
| 103 | Michigan | Big Ten | 1.26 | own 24.6 | 34.8% | 79.0% | 1.60 | 47.4% | 5.3% | 15.8% | 10.5% |
| 104 | Temple | American Athletic | 1.25 | own 17.8 | 40.4% | 62.5% | 2.00 | 25.0% | 0.0% | 12.5% | 12.5% |
| 105 | Western Kentucky | Conference USA | 1.25 | own 29.9 | 38.3% | 67.9% | 2.21 | 32.1% | 3.6% | 21.4% | 17.9% |
| 106 | Syracuse | ACC | 1.18 | own 26.7 | 51.0% | 54.5% | 3.33 | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% |
| 107 | Eastern Michigan | Mid-American | 1.17 | own 25.0 | 34.3% | 66.7% | 2.04 | 36.1% | 8.3% | 19.4% | 11.1% |
| 108 | Kansas | Big 12 | 1.17 | own 27.5 | 27.8% | 66.7% | 1.75 | 33.3% | 0.0% | 16.7% | 41.7% |
| 109 | East Carolina | American Athletic | 1.13 | own 25.2 | 34.9% | 70.8% | 2.00 | 41.7% | 12.5% | 16.7% | 8.3% |
| 110 | Delaware | Conference USA | 1.00 | own 24.6 | 34.9% | 69.2% | 2.22 | 15.4% | 7.7% | 15.4% | 15.4% |
| 111 | Wyoming | Mountain West | 1.00 | own 26.8 | 34.6% | 70.0% | 1.43 | 50.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 40.0% |
| 112 | Arkansas | SEC | 1.00 | own 23.8 | 34.8% | 80.0% | 1.25 | 40.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 30.0% |
| 113 | Charlotte | American Athletic | 1.00 | own 27.8 | 49.3% | 77.8% | 1.29 | 22.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.1% |
| 114 | Clemson | ACC | 0.93 | own 33.0 | 30.0% | 92.6% | 1.28 | 37.0% | 0.0% | 7.4% | 7.4% |
| 115 | San Diego State | Pac-12 | 0.91 | own 24.6 | 27.8% | 63.6% | 1.43 | 36.4% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 18.2% |
| 116 | Western Michigan | Mid-American | 0.90 | own 34.8 | 37.5% | 90.0% | 1.00 | 20.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 10.0% |
| 117 | TCU | Big 12 | 0.89 | own 34.1 | 49.7% | 77.8% | 1.43 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.1% | 44.4% |
| 118 | Georgia Tech | ACC | 0.84 | own 27.3 | 42.7% | 73.7% | 1.64 | 31.6% | 0.0% | 10.5% | 21.1% |
| 119 | Central Michigan | Mid-American | 0.78 | own 25.8 | 21.0% | 66.7% | 1.17 | 55.6% | 0.0% | 11.1% | 22.2% |
| 120 | Minnesota | Big Ten | 0.75 | own 26.4 | 44.2% | 100.0% | 0.75 | 25.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 12.5% |
| 121 | Wisconsin | Big Ten | 0.67 | own 33.4 | 46.0% | 55.6% | 2.60 | 22.2% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 0.0% |
| 122 | NC State | ACC | 0.64 | own 28.1 | 23.8% | 81.8% | 0.78 | 54.5% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 27.3% |
| 123 | Marshall | Sun Belt | 0.61 | own 26.3 | 30.1% | 69.6% | 1.31 | 47.8% | 4.3% | 13.0% | 17.4% |
| 124 | Sacramento State | Mid-American | 0.59 | own 27.2 | 28.8% | 54.5% | 1.08 | 36.4% | 0.0% | 4.5% | 31.8% |
| 125 | Louisiana Tech | Sun Belt | 0.54 | own 28.9 | 17.8% | 46.2% | 1.17 | 61.5% | 7.7% | 7.7% | 38.5% |
| 126 | Georgia Southern | Sun Belt | 0.50 | own 20.1 | 25.4% | 85.7% | 0.58 | 57.1% | 7.1% | 7.1% | 14.3% |
| 127 | Arizona State | Big 12 | 0.46 | own 29.2 | 37.5% | 53.8% | 2.86 | 15.4% | 7.7% | 15.4% | 23.1% |
| 128 | UCF | Big 12 | 0.46 | own 24.1 | 24.9% | 72.7% | 0.63 | 27.3% | 0.0% | 9.1% | 27.3% |
| 129 | Washington State | Pac-12 | 0.46 | own 25.1 | 28.1% | 63.6% | 0.71 | 36.4% | 0.0% | 4.5% | 27.3% |
| 130 | Ball State | Mid-American | 0.27 | own 29.4 | 18.6% | 72.7% | 0.38 | 54.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 18.2% |
| 131 | Kentucky | SEC | 0.25 | own 24.5 | 24.9% | 50.0% | 1.67 | 33.3% | 0.0% | 8.3% | 33.3% |
| 132 | Missouri State | Conference USA | 0.00 | own 24.9 | 9.4% | 30.0% | 0.00 | 80.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 30.0% |
| 133 | Kent State | Mid-American | 0.00 | own 23.7 | 23.1% | 77.8% | 0.00 | 33.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.1% |
| 134 | Southern Miss | Sun Belt | -0.18 | own 20.2 | 21.2% | 54.5% | 0.83 | 36.4% | 0.0% | 9.1% | 18.2% |
| 135 | Northern Illinois | Mountain West | -0.50 | own 22.3 | 12.5% | 50.0% | 0.00 | 71.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 14.3% |
| 136 | UTEP | Mountain West | -0.64 | own 31.5 | 20.1% | 45.5% | 0.00 | 36.4% | 9.1% | 0.0% | 27.3% |
| 137 | Rice | American Athletic | -0.70 | own 22.9 | 13.1% | 30.0% | 0.00 | 60.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 30.0% |
What counts as a drive
211,555 possessions counted. A drive that starts with 24 seconds left and ends in a kneel is a real row in the data and a fake possession; left in, it drags every team’s points per drive down in proportion to how often their games were already decided. Excluded here:
- end of half / game / quarter possessions
- possessions starting inside 40s of a half
- kickoff and uncategorised rows
- FBS vs FCS games
CFBD spells the same outcome four ways across seasons — FG / FG GOOD / MADE FG, DOWNS / TURNOVER ON DOWNS / POSS. ON DOWNS — so every result is normalized once at build time rather than string-matched anywhere downstream.






